As a vital part of human enhancement technology， brain - computer interface technology demonstrates widespread applicability in the medical field，especially in the treatment and rehabilitation of neurological disorders，which has significant advantages over traditional therapies. Concurrently，the application of brain-computer interface technology in the medical field brings ethical challenges. First，it raises privacy-related issues and compromises human autonomy. Second，it creates difficulty in attributing responsibility to relevant parties and laws. Third， it causes potential psychological impacts on users. Fourth， it raises controversies regarding technical fairness caused by the brain - computer interface. To address these ethical problems arising from the brain-computer interface at the medical level，this study recommends the following strategies. First，it is essential to establish ethical principles that are specifically targeted to the privacy risks of brain - computer interface technology. Second，it is crucial to clarify the attribution of relevant responsibilities through both technical governance and non -technical governance. Third，it is vital to raise awareness and understanding of brain - computer interface technology among all parties. Fourth， it is recommended to resolve the dispute concerning technical fairness through technical optimization. In the medical application of brain - computer interface technology，the goal of using technology for good should always serve as the fundamental guiding principle.