Based on data from the 2016 and 2018 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey（CLDS），this study analyzed 8 186 working - age individuals from the floating population. A binary Logit regression model was employed to assess the impact of internet use on self - rated health and the underlying working mechanisms， supplemented by heterogeneity analysis and mediation effect tests to identify subgroup variations and pathways. The results indicate that Internet use significantly improved the health status of the floating population. Heterogeneity analysis finds more profound effects among middle -aged groups and the younger floating groups. The mechanism analysis Indicates that the Internet improves the human capital of the floating population by enhancing career development capabilities and job satisfaction， which indirectly promotes health status. Therefore，it is necessary to strengthen Internet infrastructure in areas with concentrated floating populations， refining labor rights protection laws，establishing supportive work environments to address floating occupational stress，and implementing lifelong skill training systems to enhance their professional capabilities within the digital economy environment，thereby fostering positive progress in health and socioeconomic development.