Protecting farmers’right to health represents a shared value pursuit under both the“Rural Revitalization”and“Healthy China”strategic objectives，while also serving as the key focus for institutional innovation in the allocation of rural medical resources. The study offers a correct interpretation of the composite attributes of the right to health，along with an in-depth exploration of its positive impact on resource allocation based on the attributes of both civil and political rights as well as social rights，providing the foundation for a comprehensive examination of deficiencies in the normative system and allocation mechanisms. Particular attention is given to the lack of farmer participation initiatives and the inadequacies of corresponding mechanisms. Guided by the principle of protecting farmers’right to health，it is essential to first clarify that the government’s responsibility to guarantee this right constitutes a form of administrative benefit provision，and the legal relationship involved should be considered as part of the administrative law. Accordingly，this clarification allows for the precise positioning of the normative system and allocation mechanisms for rural medical resources，while enhancing and refining farmers’awareness and mechanisms for autonomous participation. These measures ultimately aim to achieve the rule-of -law development goal of fair and efficient allocation of rural medical resources.