Rural health governance constitutes a vital component of national health governance. Village committees serve as key vehicles of community-level self-governance. Currently, significant disparities exist between urban and rural health governance, with inadequate supply and uneven distribution of rural health resources emerging as prominent constraints in rural revitalization and high-quality development. Through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation and multiple rounds of research team discussions, this paper has constructed an indicator system for assessing the capacity of village committees to participate in rural health governance, including 3 primary indicators, 9 secondary indicators, and 36 tertiary indicators. The indicator system provides a scientific basis for assessing the working capacity of village committees in rural health governance.