This study collected a total of 161 printable oral health education materials from multiple hospitals in Hefei, Anhui Province. DISCERN, a Chinese readability model and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P), were used to assess the overall quality, readability, understandability, and actionability of these materials. Differences and similarities of health education materials between public and private hospitals were also compared. Based on mean scores, the overall quality of hospital oral health education materials was moderate, with a language difficulty equivalent to approximately the first year of junior high school. The scores of understandability and actionability were both below the recommended threshold. Compared across different hospital types, materials from private hospitals scored slightly higher overall and demonstrated better readability and user orientation, whereas materials from public hospitals performed better in terms of content objectivity and balance of information.