As an essential component of China's public health system, infectious disease hospitals bear the dual responsibilities of medical treatment and disease prevention and control. However, there is currently a trend of emphasizing treatment over prevention, and the integration of medical treatment and prevention has not achieved the expected outcomes. Based on the symbiosis theory, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by infectious disease hospitals in implementing the integration of medical treatment and prevention and explores pathways for implementing such integration. The paper proposes strategies, including creating an incentive-compatible policy environment, improving an incentive-compatible compensation framework, constructing an incentive-compatible assessment model, optimizing the allocation of human resources, and fostering a mutually beneficial and collaborative symbiotic model. These measures aim to achieve multi-dimensional and multi-faceted integration of treatment and prevention.