This paper takes the evolution of supervisors' responsibilities as the logical starting point to reveal the essential nature of the supervisor-graduate student relationship within the context of the core educational philosophy of fostering virtue through education. Focusing on the specific educational setting of medical universities, the paper combines literature review, purposive sampling, and semi-structured interviews to explore practical issues in the supervisor-graduate student relationship. The paper proposes pathways to build an ideal supervisor-graduate student relationship by improving the supervisor selection and training mechanism, optimizing the graduate student training plan, and constructing diversified communication platforms. By further analyzing the core elements of the supervisor-student development community the paper emphasizes its vital role in consolidating solidarity among supervisors and graduate students, stimulating innovation, and enhancing educational efficiency. These findings demonstrate that clarifying the mechanism of multi-party collaboration and fostering shared value within the community are effective measures to improve the supervisor-graduate student relationships. Such efforts hold practical significance for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education in the new era, promoting the in-depth development of graduate education, and enhancing training quality.