Brain-computer interface(BCI) is gradually entering the clinical translation stage from laboratory verification. Different from conventional medical devices, BCI is directly connected to neural activity and external devices. Its clinical value depends not only on signal acquisition, decoding accuracy, and functional output, but also on whether patients can achieve sustained, affordable clinical benefits aligned with their life goals. Drawing on the clinical practice of neurosurgery, this paper analyzes practical challenges such as long-term safety, indication selection, postoperative rehabilitation and follow-up, efficacy evaluation, and multidisciplinary collaboration. It then discusses ethical and social challenges of informed consent, personal identity and neural autonomy, neural data privacy, responsibility attribution, and equitable accessibility.