As a vital vehicle for the opening-up of education, Chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools (CFCRS) has played a critical role in promoting reform in China's education system, diversifying talent-cultivation pathways, and enhancing the global influence and competitiveness of Chinese education. It has met the public's demand for diverse, internationally oriented education, thereby attracting widespread public attention. In recent years, CFCRS at the doctoral and master's levels in medical education has achieved significant progress in both quality and quantity. This study systematically reviews 40 CFCRS institutions and programs offering doctoral and master's education in medical fields and analyzes their educational models in terms of governance structure, talent output, and curriculum design. The findings reveal that these initiatives are generally characterized by predominant reliance on imported curricula, insufficient international integration, and limited clinical translation. Building on these findings, this study proposes three directions for the development of postgraduate medical cooperative education through policy and institutional guidance, talent development strategies, and innovation through educational integration, aiming to provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance for Chinese medical schools to overcome bottlenecks and achieve improvements in both quality and structural optimization in CFCRS.