Medical research items have such characteristics as large investment, long research period, high failure rate and many experimental links. Results of research are often uncertain and unpredictable. So it is necessary to adopt risk management for the research items to avoid risks in the process. Present paper analyzes risks of medical research items and puts forward systematic strategy of risk management. It designs risk management process based on the process of medical research items, analyzes different characteristics and major tasks of risk management in the periods of item establishment, implementation and conclusion, in the hope to provide theoretical reference for scientific methods of present risk management of medical research items in China.