Objective In order to improve the effectiveness of New Rural Co-operative Medical System and to provide evidence for medical management by understanding the patients’ disease constitution of New Rural Co-operative Medical System in DongTai in 2013 Methods Classify and summary the patients’ disease of New Rural Co-operative Medical System in DongTai according to the international standard of diseases (ICD - 10), then compare and analyze the top five diseases by the gender and age group Results The total patients of New Rural Co-operative Medical System in a year are 10661, Circulatory system disease, tumor, respiratory disease, mental and behavior disorders and diseases of the digestive system are major diseases of the city. Conclusion To strengthen the medical service and hospital management, improve the level of hospital medical diagnosis, treatment and service and improve the effective implementation of the New Rural Co-operative Medical System