Objectives To comprehensively evaluate medical quality of an upper first-class hospital in recent 10 years so as to provide reference for the continuous improvement of medical quality. Methods Using the RSR method for comprehensive evaluation of medical quality from 2004 to 2013. Results The overall medical quality of the hospital showed upward trend from 2004 to 2013, the medical quality of 2004 and 2005 is bad, the medical quality of 2006 to 2011 is qualified, the medical quality of 2012 and 2013 is bad, and the difference among groups was statistically significant. Conclusions RSR method is a scientific and practical way to evaluate medical quality.