Objective To establish a scientific evaluation index system of teaching and training ability for tertiary hospitals, provide an assessment tool and put forward some suggestions on tertiary hospital teaching and training administration. Methods According to the theory of DONABEDIAN “Structure-Path-Result”, based on literature review, questionnaire method, Delphi method and analytical hierarchy process, an evaluation index system was made to appraise tertiary hospital teaching and training ability. Results The recoveries of questionnaire in the first and second-round Delphi investigation were 88% and 100%, response rates were 100%. Consistency rates to third grade index respectively were 73.4%-100% and 89.3%-100%. The study deleted 6 third grade indexes and 1 second grade index, revised 6 indexes, also 12 third grade indexes and 1 second grade index were added. Conclusion The evaluation index system of tertiary hospital teaching and training ability including 4 first grade indexes, 16 second grade indexes and 52 third grade indexes was established.