Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of resident burnout and explore its organizational factors. Methods: 1098 residents were assessed by CMBI, Distributive and Procedural Justice scale, Role Conflict and Ambiguity scale, Job Demands and Decision Latitude scale. Results: 76.7% residents experience at least mild burnout. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that, workload and role conflict could significantly predict emotional exhaustion, while organizational justice had negative prediction. Role conflict and role ambiguity could significantly predict depersonalization. Procedural Justice, job control and workload could significantly negatively predict reduced achievement. Conclusion: The situation of occupational burnout among Chinese resident doctors is serious. Resident burnout has particular related organizational factors. An intervention and prevention should take place at the level of organization.