Objective: To analysis the correlation between the operational efficiency and performance. Methods: Operational efficiency of 18 primary medical institutions at Jieshou in Anhui were assessed by Topsis method and the correlation between the operational efficiency and performance were explored by both parametric and nonparametric test. Results: Operational efficiency of these 18 institutes were relatively low and serious polarizations existed considering the difference in the balance rate, debt to assets ratio, total assets turnover, inventory turnover, etc. among 18 institutes in 2014. The results of performance evaluation was not related to the operational efficiency(P>0.05). Conclusion: Within performance-oriented financial compensation mechanism, primary medical institution should get reasonable financial compensation to ensure operation and necessary attention should be paid to guide the institute managers to improve the operational efficiency.