Objective To examine the effect of problem - based learning（ PBL）method on the course of teaching laparoscopic technique for trainee urologists. Methods We enrolled 55 trainee urologists who had studied in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The included doctors were assigned into PBL group（n=28）and lecture-based learning (LBL) group（n=27）. Both groups received the questionnaire investigation, theory test and skills assessment after half a year. The teaching effects of two groups were compared by test results. Results (1)Doctors in PBL group were more energetically in preparation, concentration, review, raising issues and consulting a source. (2) Doctors in PBL group got higher theory scores and skills scores than LBL group. Conclusion The PBL teaching method can improve efficiency teaching laparoscopic technique for trainee urologists，and help them develop study interests and ability.