Abstract: Objective Based on the statistics of patients’ disease composition priority, gender, age and the average number of beds on the top ten from 2013 to 2016 in the one of Nanjing first class tertiary hospitals, we analyze the intrinsic factor and the future trend and changes，so as to promote the scientific development of large public hospitals, as well as improve the overall level of people’s health. Methods ICD-10 was used as the basis to classify the diseases. Excel was used to establish the database and SPSS22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results Six kinds of diseases included Coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, chemotherapy are in the top ten. Cataract disease increased year by year. Compared with men, women are more likely to get ill. The average hospitalization days show a decreasing trend. Conclusions the hospital must take the patient as the center, consolidate the development of key disciplines, carry out multidisciplinary treatment model, actively participate in the tiered medical services and carry out health education activities, and conform to medical reform, change the medical insurance payment method and improve the internal performance plan.