Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of childhood maltreatment on drug abstention motivation; we also investigated the moderating effect of self-esteem and the mediating effect of regulatory emotional self-efficacy in the relationship of childhood maltreat and drug abstention motivation; Methods Date were collect from 227 male drugs addicts by questionnaire survey method in 4 weeks, and we used structure equation modeling, hierarchical regression and conditional indirect effect test for date analysis; Results The results showed significant relationship between the 4 variables; childhood maltreatment played a negative predicating role on drug abstention motivation(β=-0.68, p<0.05) ; we also found self-esteem acted as a moderating role(β=0.53, p<0.05) and regulatory emotional self-efficacy acted as a mediating role(β=0.66, p<0.05) Conclusions Based on the findings, we suggested medical workers to organize group psychology counseling psychological counseling for improving the drugs addicts’ self-esteem and regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and consequently enhance their motivation of drug abstention, so that the drugs addicts could return to the society as soon as possible.