Objective To study the role of precision medical model in the teaching practice of Surgery. Methods Sixty students of a certain medical college from 2014 to 2016 were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The control group was treated with traditional teaching mode while the experimental group adopted the teaching model of precision medicine. Compare the academic performance of the two groups of students and issued the teaching questionnaires to evaluate the teaching results. Results The theoretical results, skill operation and questionnaire survey in the experimental group are higher than those in the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion The application of precision medicine teaching model in clinical teaching can significantly improve students 'academic achievement and clinical thinking ability, and help to improve students' practical ability.