Objective: To investigate the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on postoperative recovery and postoperative quality of life in patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Methods: A total of 213 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2016 to December 2017 were randomly divided into two groups. One group was implemented by ERAS (110 cases), the other group used the traditional treatment as the control group (103 cases). The clinical indicators, preoperative and postoperative anxiety, degree of depression, and postoperative quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: Both groups completed the operation smoothly. There were no significant differences in the basic data of age, sex, weight, tumor type and size between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the ERAS group and the control group. Intestinal recovery time, first defecation time, catheterization time, drainage time, postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization cost and postoperative complication rate were significantly lower in the ERAS group than in the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the first exhaust time between the two groups. There was no significant difference in preoperative anxiety degree and degree of depression between the two groups (P>0.05), and the postoperative period was lower than that before surgery. Compared with the control group, the degree of anxiety and depression in the ERAS group were significantly lower, and the satisfaction during hospitalization was also significantly increased (P<0.01). After 3 months, the scores of physical function, role function, emotional function and comprehensive function of the ERAS group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01), but there was no statistical difference in cognitive function and social function. The scores of renal cancer-related symptoms in the ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group, indicating that the symptoms associated with renal cancer in the ERAS group were significantly improved. Conclusion: The application of ERAS in the perioperative period of patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can significantly shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce hospitalization costs, and reduce the incidence of complications. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the degree of anxiety and depression during hospitalization, improve hospitalization satisfaction and postoperative quality of life.