Objective: By investigating rural type 2 diabetes patients in two counties in Jiangsu Province, the status quo of treatment adherence and related influencing factors of type 2 diabetic patients were analyzed, and the decision-making basis for perfecting relevant countermeasures were providedmeasures to improve patients’ treatment adherence were put forward. Methods: Face-to-face Interviews were conducted by self-designed questionnaires. Multistage random sampling was used to select patients for investigation. The descriptive analysis method and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: 90.6% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the two counties had good medication adherence. And Length of be diagnosed, times of follow-ups, the awareness of knowledge of disease were the statistical significant factors of influencing medication adherence for rural type 2 diabetic patients (P<0.05). 57.9% percentage of patients had good non-drug treatment adherence. However, the physical exercise and the control of smoking and alcohol still need to be strengthened. Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen the coordination among medical institutions among different levels, increase the awareness of diabetes knowledge for patients, and build up the patients’ confidence and consciousness of self-management, in order to boost patients'' treatment adherence.