In order to explore the correlation between blood donation willingness of the public and material incentives, this paper conducted an economic experiment on 612 Beijing residents (districts and counties) from April to May 2018 using the self-designed questionnaire, and observed the choices of three groups subjects on blood donation under different material incentives, including willingness of blood donation without repayment, type of blood donation, amount of blood. The results showed that there is no linear relationship between material incentives and blood donation willingness of individuals. If we over-emphasize material rewards or even make blood donation a system, the incentive effect of unpaid blood donation will be destroyed.