Objective To investigate the unreasonable application of oral antibiotics in hospital outpatients. Methods The oral antibiotic prescriptions of the outpatient departments of the hospital from January 2016 to June 2017 were randomly selected and judged for their rationality. At the same time, a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the cognition of oral antibiotics in the outpatient doctors of the hospital. Results A total of 68 unreasonable prescriptions for outpatient antibiotics were found, in which unreasonable usage and dosage and no indications take the main position. A total of 168 doctors were surveyed in the questionnaire survey, with an average score of 22.619±1.18 points, and the multivariate analysis demonstrated that only the titles and scores showed statistical significant. Conclusion The application and doctors" awareness of antibiotics in hospital outpatient clinics seem to be not bad in recent years. But there are still some obvious problems that need to be improved and corresponding improvement measures should be taken for unreasonable phenomena.