【Abstract】 Objective Based on the theory of KAP, this paper studied the healthy lifestyle and behavior of rural residents in Jiangsu Province to provide evidence for the development of popularization strategies. Methods Based on the monitoring data of health literacy from 2012 to 2015, analyzed the levels and trend of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy and the awareness rate of relevant knowledge in rural residents aged 15 to 69. Excel 2003 and SPSS 17 are used for analysis. Results After standardization, the level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy of rural residents in 2015 was 16.3%, which was 3.1 percentage points higher than that in 2012. Among the knowledge points, the awareness rate of 7 knowledge points is on the rise. The accuracy rate of 11 knowledge points declined. Among them, 10 knowledge accuracy is higher than 70%, and 6 knowledge accuracy is less than 60%. Conclusion The data for four years showed that the healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy level of rural residents increased slowly, and the awareness rate of various contents of healthy lifestyles fluctuated unevenly. Effective measures should be taken to make health behaviors deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.