Objective：To understand the current situation of medical waste management in primary medical institutions in Anhui province, and to provide reference for the supervision of medical waste in primary medical institutions. Methods：In Anhui province, all primary medical institutions were selected in the pilot areas for comprehensive evaluation of infectious disease prevention and treatment in a medical institution in 2016. On-site scoring of Medical Waste Disposal Supervision and Evaluation Form were done in all the primary medical institutions by trained health supervisors. Results: A total of 634 primary medical institutions were supervised. Of which 139 institutions were classified as excellent (21.92%), 354 as qualified (55.84%), and 141 as key supervision (22.24%).There was significant difference of the classified proportion among primary medical institutions in northern area, central area and southern area of Anhui province(χ2=51.06，P<0.05). The completion proportions according law and regulation of medical waste collection package and seal, temporary storage equipment and its disinfection, sewage treatment contaminated by infectious disease pathogens, management personnel's occupational safety protection were 48.26%,35.49%,56.94% and 56.62% ,respectively. While other items’ completion proportions according law and regulation of medical waste were all over 60%. Conclusion：The current situation of medical waste management in primary medical institutions in Anhui province is not optimistic, especially for the institutions in the northern province. It should be pay more attention to strengthen the unified supervision and management of medical waste in northern province focusing on waste material reposition equipment and packaging and sealing of medical waste collection.