The security and effectiveness of vaccines are highly related to population health and national security. They are not only the foundation of realizing the goals of “Healthy China 2030”, but also key indicators representing the governance capacity of modern society, which are of strategic significance. Multiple vaccine events broke out across China in recent years, revealing the severe leak in China’s vaccine security management. Under such circumstances, the research team organized expert panel discussion to analyze the root cause of vaccine security issues in Jiangsu Province and propose sustainable strategies correspondingly: (1) to increase human resources and build a comprehensive surveillance system; (2) to define the respective responsibilities of government and enterprises; (3) to improve the vaccine security insurance and provide risk protection for both supply and demand sides; and (4) to advance the assessment mechanism of vaccine effectiveness and enhance the technology of vaccine surveillance.