Objective:To explore the relationship between insomnia and resilience,social support.Methods:Thirty primary insomnia patients,fifth six depressive or anxiety patients with insomnia symptoms were enrolled in the research.The diagnoses were made according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision criteria.The resilience scale,the social support rate scale (SSRS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) were used for insomnia patients.The Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety.Results:The total scores of PSQI were significantly correlated with total scores of HAMA(r=-0.317,P=0.003) and the scores of social support(r=-0.226,P=0.036).The resilience showed a significantly moderating effect between anxiety and insomnia.(P=0.011).The anxiety not only had a direct effect on insomnia,but also could affect insomnia by the mediating role of social support.Conclusion:The relationship between anxiety and insomnia not only was affected by the moderating role of resilience,but also through the mediating role of social support.It is essential to focus on the improvement of resilience and social support during the insomnia treatment.