Objective to explore whether there are gender differences in dsm-5 personality traits and personality dimensions.Methods students from three universities in Jiangsu province were selected and surveyed by general data questionnaire and pid-5.Results there were statistically significant differences in cheating (t= 3.524), anxiety (t=-3.207), depression (t=-2.292), transference (t=-3.088), emotional volatility (t=-8.242), hostility (t=-2.367), avoidance of intimacy (t=-9.533), nonresponsibilty (t=-3.169), submissiveness (t=2.033), withdrawal (t=-2.487), and impulsiveness (t=-6.166), all p < 0.05.There were no significant gender differences in other personality traits.Negative emotions (t=-3.173), dissociation (-3.893), and disinhibition (t=-4.022) showed statistically significant gender differences in personality dimensions, with all p < 0.05, but no statistically significant differences in psychosis and antagonism.The situation of gender differences among college students with different family income levels, college students with different self-rated health status and college students with different education levels of their parents is not uniform.Conclusion there are gender differences in personality traits and personality dimensions, which are influenced by parents' education level, family economic income level and health status.