Compared with other virulent infectious diseases, vaccination against smallpox is the most effective and convenient, so smallpox is also the first virulent infectious disease to be controlled in mainland China. Nanfang Daily keeps a consistent record of vaccination work in Guangzhou at the beginning of the country, from which we can get a glimpse of many aspects such as government decision-making, response of medical personnel and the public, and have a deep understanding of the social history at the beginning of the country.