The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought a huge impact on China"s economy and society. This article analyzes the system and mechanism on epidemic prevention and control in China, and proposes countermeasures to improve China"s public health governance capacity: improving relevant laws and regulations, reforming the epidemic prevention and control organization system, improving the epidemic prevention and control professional capacity building mechanism, and establishing quick response mechanism for health institutions’ epidemic prevention and control, and improving the early warning and emergency response mechanism for epidemic prevention and control.