新冠肺炎疫情突发期政策制定的特征分析与效果评价——基于江苏省疾病预防控制中心的田野观察
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1.南京医科大学医政学院;2.南京医科大学公共卫生学院

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江苏省哲学社会科学优秀创新团队建设项目;泰州医药高新技术产业开发区基本公共卫生服务现状调研及三年工作方案研究课题(2019KF0109)


Analysis and evaluation of policy characteristics and effects in the outbreak period of NCP ——Based on field observation in Jiangsu CDC
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1.School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University;2.School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University,

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    摘要:

    本文聚焦政策本身,采用在江苏省疾病预防控制中心进行田野观察的研究方法,搜集新冠肺炎疫情突发期的政策并进行文本分析,主要讨论政策文本的发布时间的分布态势、发布单位、发布形式和政策内容4个方面。研究发现,在SARS-COV-2疫情突发期(2020年1月15日至1月31日)国家级和省级指导性文件数量锐增,其中以江苏省为例,省级政策发文单位单一、文本类型多为通知类,起到了应对突发公共卫生事件时的及时反馈、迅速应急以及布置指导的作用,但研究也发现政策发布主体的联防联控的及时应对性以及对政策文本的长效性的考虑上尚有欠缺。总结政策制定的规律、原则以及经验,本文提出公共卫生事件突发期的政策观念应从单一权威主义走向多元协作;政策导向应从“战”时应急转向“平战结合”;政策价值应从“短期”应急转向“常态化”指导。

    Abstract:

    This article focuses on the policy itself, collecting and analyzing policies during the outbreak period of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Jiangsu CDC using field observation. The policy texts are analyzed mainly in 4 aspects of release time distribution, issuing unit, issuing form and policy content. It is found that the number of national and provincial guidance documents has increased sharply during the emergency period of SARS-COV-2 between January 15 and 31. Take Jiangsu Province for an example, the provincial policy issuing units are single, and the text which are mostly “notice” type, has indeed helped with the immediate feedback, rapid response and the guidance. While the research also found that there is insufficient attention to the diversity of policy issuance and the long-term implementation. Summarizing the experience of the formulating policy and principle of policies, this article propose that the policy concept of public health emergencies should be improved from single authoritarianism to multiple cooperation; policy orientation should be changed from “war emergency” to “peace and war combination”; policy value should be changed from “short-term” emergency to “normalization” guidance.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-05
  • 最后修改日期:2020-05-07
  • 录用日期:2020-10-20
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