The social support and medication adherence of 71 patients with primary insomnia were investigated by Social Support Rating Scale and Eight Item Medication Adherence Scale. Single factor analysis and regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of medication adherence in patients with primary insomnia, to provide evidence for improving the compliance of insomnia patients.The results showed that the overall medication adherence of insomnia patients was not high.There were significant differences in course of disease, marital status, monthly income, HAMA score, objective support, utilization of support and total score of social support between patients with high medication adherence and patients with low medication adherence (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that marital status, objective social support and utilization of social support could positively predict medication adherence.In the treatment of insomnia, improving the social support of patients is conducive to improving the medication adherence, so as to improve the treatment effect.