Discussing the factors that affect patient safety and adopting corresponding intervention measures to avoid errors in the medical process and ensure the safe treatment of patients are essential for reducing the burden on the medical system and promoting the harmonious relationship between doctors and patients. The theoretical domains framework integrates a variety of behavior change theories, which provides researchers with a systematic theoretical basis for identifying factors that threaten patient safety and formulating effective interventions. By reviewing and sorting out researches related to the TDF and patient safety, this article summarizes the factors that affect patient safety under the TDF and makes some suggestions for the formulation of corresponding intervention measures. Keyword: Theoretical domains framework; patient safety；behavior change；intervention measures