Objective Evaluating the subjective well-being of chronically ill patients with contracted family doctors in rural areas and exploring the main influencing factors of their subjective well-being, to supplement research in related fields, provide a basis for promoting rural people"s livelihood and welfare and improve the effectiveness of family doctors" mental health guidance services. Methods A combination of stratified sampling and typical sampling was used to extract 1,740 samples, and the WHO-5 well-being index was used to study the subjective well-being of chronically ill patients with contracted rural family doctors; logistics regression analysis was used to explore chronically ill patients with contracted rural family doctors Influencing factors of subjective well-being. Results The subjective well-being of the survey subjects was non-normally distributed, the median M=72.00, the interquartile range QR=20.00; 70 people (4.0%) were “probably depressed” and 208 people (11.9%) were “weakened” , 1466 people (84.1%) "feel happy". The area where the survey respondents are located, the economic burden of the most important chronic diseases, the mental health guidance of family doctors, the survey respondents’ evaluation of the quality of the family doctor’s contracted services, and the statistical results of their self-evaluated health status are significant (P<0.05): When from southern Jiangsu, the burden of disease is lower, the frequency of psychological guidance is more, the quality of contracted services is higher, and the health status is better, the subjective well-being of the survey respondents is higher. Conclusion The overall subjective well-being of the surveyed areas is relatively high,while compared with cities, it needs to be further improved. It reminds government departments to focus on people"s livelihood, implement health policies and elderly care services to protect the health of the population; improve the construction of the medical security system, improve the quality of contracted services by family doctors, reduce the disease burden of rural patients with chronic diseases, to improving the subjective well-being of patients with chronic diseases purposefully.