Abstract：To explore the situation of workplace violence and job burnout of nursing staff in county-level public hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 886 systemic sampling nurses. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the prevalence, and variance analysis were used to analyze the differences between different groups. Multivariate hierarchical regression analysis was carried out to explore the impact of workplace violence on job burnout. The incidence of workplace violence in sample hospitals was 73.02 %, and emotional abuse was the main form of violence. The score of job burnout was higher than the norm. The job burnout of nursing staff with 5-14 years of nursing age, only-child generation, medium-grade professional title and working overtime was much more serious. Workplace violence was also an important variable affecting job burnout. Conclusions: Attention should be paid to workplace violence and job burnout in county hospitals, including the establishment of security mechanisms to effectively prevent and resolve workplace violence, reasonable distribution of workload, incentive work effectiveness, building career development planning, create social support systems and other measures.