Objective: We investigated the care burden of some caregivers of senile dementia patients in Nanjing to evaluate the current situation and analyze the main reasons and influencing factors, in order to reduce the care burden of caregivers and improve the life quality of both caregivers and patients. Methods: We collected the caregivers from Nanjing using the questionnaire survey. Statistical description, rank-sum test and variance analysis were performed on the data, and the relevant data were summarized to explore the relevant data were summarized to explore the influence of the care burden. Results: (1) In our study, the average CBI of the caregivers of Alzheimer"s patients was 44.33±20.13, with the mean score of each factor ranging from 5.8 to 20.13. The highest score was affective burden (12.13±4.84). (2) It was found that there was statistical significance in basic diseases, monthly family income, available of other caregivers, medical cost and discrimination (P < 0.05). (3) We found that the course of disease, other basic diseases, religion, education level, patients" life and medical expenses had statistical significance on the score of care burden of caregivers (P < 0.05). (4) The results of multivariate analysis showed that the main reasons of the care burden were discrimination, the caregivers" underlying disease status, medical cost and religion. Conclusion: The major care burden of the caregivers of Alzheimer"s patients is emotional burden. Moreover, the longer the course of disease, the more likely it is to aggravate the care burden of caregivers through the increase of care time and the length of daily care. In addition, caregivers are generally suffering from underlying diseases leading to their own poor health. The increase of patients" medical expenses has an obvious effect on the increase of care burden.