Risk identification and earlier detection of public health emergencies are the key procedures to prevent and resolve major hidden danger. The collaborative governance theory are increasingly applied to public crisis events management. This study takes the practice of earlier detection and emergency management of Covid-19 as an example and analyzes the possible causes. Based on the theory of collaborative governance, the government as the leader should built long-term mechanisms that integrated the rule of law guarantee, information sharing, network collaboration, emergency training and local joint responsibility as the carrier and participants by all peoples ,so as to improve the earlier detection capability of public health emergencies.