To explore the relationship between the accessibility of medical services and the residents’ health, and make feasible reference suggestions. The self-rated health was selected as the health indicator, and the three phases of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data in 2014, 2016 and 2018 were used to organize the panel data. On this basis, the random effects logistic model was used for analysis. The results showed that the level of medical institutions for general diseases and the proportion of medical expenses in the family's per capita annual income had a significant negative impact on residents’ self-rated health. Evaluation of medical level, Trust in doctors and Net income per capita of family had a significant positive effect on residents’ self-rated health. There is a significant relationship between the accessibility of medical services and the health status of residents. Therefore, improving the accessibility of medical services can effectively improve the health status of residents.