Abstract: The Yangtze River protection has been included in the national strategy, including the ecological environment restoration, and construction of a green ecological corridor. The Yangtze River Basin is the main endemic area of schistosomiasis. How to carry out ecological protection and schistosomiasis control is more important to eliminate of schistosomiasis.?This study will analyze the challenges and opportunities of schistosomiasis control under the Yangtze River protection policy, and gives some suggestions. Key words: Schistosomiasis;?Yangtze River protection;?Ecological restoration