The article measured and analyzed the static and dynamic efficiency values of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2020 using the three-stage DEA model and Malmquist index,respectively.The study shows that:excluding the influence of environmental factors and random disturbance terms,the overall efficiency of health care expenditure in Anhui Province is low;external environmental factors significantly affect the efficiency of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province,with population density and urbanization rate having a positive influence and GDP per capita,medical and health expenditure ratio and fiscal decentralization having a negative influence;after excluding the influence of external environmental and random noise factors,the efficiency of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province has improved significantly,and the increase of pure technical efficiency is the key to the improvement of comprehensive technical efficiency;the results of Malmquist index show that there is an economy of scale effect on medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province,and it is mainly constrained by technological progress,and the efficiency of medical and health expenditure in the province is generally decreasing during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.