Abstract: Objective: To understand the cognition of ethical problems in the medical application of artificial intelligence (AI) among medical personnel in public hospital, and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide suggestions for improving the medical personnel’s ethical cognition and ethical decision-making ability in the application of artificial intelligence in medical field in public hospitals. Methods: A total of 813 medical personnel were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire by convenient sampling method in a tertiary public hospital in Anhui Province. Results: The channels for medical personnel to understand the ethical problems in the medical application of AI were diversified, mainly through news information and popular science articles. Medical personnel believed that security risk and privacy protection were the most important ethical issues in the medical application of AI, with a high proportion of 76.1% and 64.9% respectively. The length of medical service, professional titles and understanding of AI medical application of medical staff in the public hospital were related to their cognition of ethical problems in AI medical application (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Most medical personnel have a low understanding of the application of AI in medicine and its ethical problems, and they are lack of systematic cognition. we should strengthen the education and training of medical personnel on the ethical knowledge in AI medical application, take effective measures to improve the ethical cognition and ability of medical personnel in the medical application of AI, standardize the development of the algorithm of medical AI technology, improve the ethical supervision system of medical AI, and promote relevant legislation, so as to promote the reliable development of medical artificial intelligence.