In order to understand the current situation of medical personnel's awareness of public health services in public hospitals, to improve the level of medical personnel's awareness of public health, and to improve the level of public health management and services in public hospitals, the article used a convenience sampling method to conduct a survey of a total of 810 medical personnel in 30 tertiary public hospitals in Anhui Province on their awareness of the content of public health services in hospitals, their participation in public health training, and their overall evaluation. The questionnaire survey was conducted. Based on the analysis of the current situation of medical staff's perception of public health services in public hospitals, the author proposed targeted improvement suggestions based on the existing problems, namely, to clarify the functional positioning of public hospitals and enhance the awareness of public health among staff; to scientifically plan public health functions and focus on the construction of professional personnel; to strengthen medical staff's public health training and improve public health literacy and service capacity; to improve the performance assessment mechanism of public health services and enhance the motivation of medical staff. improve the performance assessment mechanism of public health services and increase the motivation of medical personnel.