Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a kind of chronic noninfectious disease caused by multiple factors, with the highest morbidity and mortality among all diseases.CVD not only poses a severe challenge to human health but also brings enormous economic burdens to individuals, families, and even society. It is a major problem that must be faced and solved in social and economic development. Under the dual pressure of population aging and the continued prevalence of metabolic risk factors, the incidence of CVD increases in China, which puts forward new requirements for prevention and treatment strategies and various resource allocations including medical resources. Based on a systematic review of the health and socioeconomic impacts of CVD in China and around the world over the past 20 years, this paper proposes targeted recommendations for the prevention and control of CVD, including specific measures to maintain cardiovascular health, main strategies to build a new pattern of disease prevention and control, and ideas to improve the chronic disease management capacity of primary medical institutions. The aim is to carry out comprehensive actions under top-level design and unified coordination, and form synergy in multiple fields to effectively curb and reverse the trend of increasing morbidity and mortality of CVD.