To investigate the community residents"" cognition of medical association specialist doctors"" participation in family doctor contract service. From July to August 2021, a random sample survey was conducted among community residents covered by one community health service center in South Anhui, Central Anhui and North Anhui, to investigate the general situation of community residents, the situation of family doctor signing and service access, and the cognition and demand of specialist doctors in core hospitals of medical alliance participating in contracted family doctor services. Among 1279 community residents, 686 people signed the contract, the signing rate was 53.6%.64.11% of the family doctors who are willing to sign a contract with the doctors of medical alliance, the signing of medical alliance and the understanding of medical alliance were the influencing factors of whether the community residents were willing to participate in the signing of family doctor service with medical alliance specialists. The top three services for contracted residents were "establishing health records" (97.38%), "health testing" (85.28%) and "telephone follow-up" (76.97%). The top three demands of community residents for the medical alliance specialist doctors"" participation in the contracted family doctors services are "treatment of common diseases" (71.07%), "health maintenance guidance" (67.63%) and "prevention and treatment of chronic diseases" (63.72%). It is suggested to strengthen the publicity, promote the integration of medical prevention and treatment, and build a long-term mechanism for specialized doctors in medical alliance to participate in the contracted service of family doctors.