Objective To understand the influencing factors of ehealth literacy in maintenance hemodialysis patients based on Anderson model, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the level of ehealth literacy. Methods A total of 428 maintenance hemodialysis patients treated in different levels of medical institutions in Yangzhou City from September to November 2022 were selected by convenience sampling.General information questionnaire, eHealth literacy scale and Chronic disease self-efficacy Scale were used to investigate. To explore the effects of tendency characteristics, enabling factors, Internet use factors and demand factors on patients' ehealth literacy. Results The total score of ehealth literacy of maintenance hemodialysis patients was (28.02±5.29). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (β=-0.239), Internet use factor (β= 0.177), and the frequency of online health information search (β= 0.177) were the propensity characteristics. Among the demand factors, self-efficacy (β=0.441), dialysis age (β=-0.124) and Davies-Stoke score (β=-0.091) were the main factors affecting ehealth literacy of maintenance hemodialysis patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions The ehealth literacy of maintenance hemodialysis patients is at a low level and needs to be further improved. Targeted intervention and guidance should be given to patients with older age, longer dialysis age, heavy burden of complications and low self-efficacy, and at the same time, the frequency of searching online health information should be increased to improve the ehealth literacy of patients.