In the training of medical translators and interpreters in China, the unsatisfactory practice-oriented teaching has become an obvious bottleneck to the improvement of the trainees’ translation and interpretation competence. The present research has been following the internship training of medical translation and interpretation designed for the English majors at the undergraduate level at Nanjing Medical University for years and is thus able to formulate a pattern of internship training of medical translation and interpretation carried out in hospitals. This paper firstly analyzes the key elements that enable the training pattern to work properly (including the internship tasks available at hospitals, trainers’ qualifications and obligations, process management, evaluation scheme, etc) and then moves on to probe into the problems of the pattern, followed by possible solutions. This research will hopefully provide reference for the construction of a practice-oriented teaching system of medical translation and interpretation as well as the cultivation of students’ professional competence as medical translators and interpreters at medical universities.