This paper briefly reviews the discovery history of color blindness, and traces back the earliest detection methods of color blindness at home and abroad. At the same time, the process of Color blindness Examination Chart developed by Professor Yu Ziping in response to the needs of national construction after the founding of New China is retrospectively reviewed. It is considered that Professor Yu Ziping's Color Blindness Examination Chart is the most influential and widely used examination chart in China at present, and the characteristics, value and shortcomings of this examination chart are analyzed. It is pointed out that the development of more accurate and objective detector will be the future trend.