A self-designed questionnaire was used to anonymously investigate the awareness of human papillomavirus and vaccine related knowledge and vaccination behavior among interns from four hospitals in Jiangsu Province, and to explore the influencing factors of vaccination behavior. A total of 1250 questionnaires were distributed and 1230 valid questionnaires were recalled. The results showed that the awareness rate of cervical cancer was 53. 6% , that of HPV was 33. 3% and 54.7% of the students were heared of HPV vaccination. School education (42.0%) , official propaganda (36.1%) , media transmission (35.2%) , and interpersonal communication (30.2%) were the most common routes of transmission. More than 60% of the respondents believed that the safety, efficacy and immune duration of the vaccine would affect the promotion of the vaccine, and 54.3% of the respondents were able to receive the vaccine at a cost less than 500 yuan. The vaccination rate of 944 female students was 15.7% . Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the better economic condition, getting the knowledge of the vaccine through interpersonal communication, and the higher the education level, were the important factors to promote the vaccination behavior. The rate of receiving vaccination is still low. It is necessary to adopt comprehensive measures to improve the vaccination rate, and emphasis should be placed on interpersonal communication as a means of transmission.