The rational allocation of health resources is the key to promoting balanced and sustainable development of health. This paper takes the 2018-2022 China Statistical Yearbook and China Health Statistical Yearbook as data sources, and comprehensively uses the Gini coefficient and Thiel index to measure the balance of primary medical and health resource allocation in China. The results show that the per capita ownership of primary medical and health resources in China has increased year by year, but there is still regional differentiation. The balance of the allocation of primary medical and health resources in China is generally good, and the imbalance of allocation in the eastern region is more prominent. The number of beds varies greatly between regions and increases year by year. Human resources for health are concentrated in developed regions. Therefore, in order to improve the balance of the allocation of grassroots health resources in China, the total amount and structure of health resources should be combined to ensure the long-term and stable development of grassroots health undertakings. Equal emphasis is placed within and between regions to guide the rational flow of health resources; Optimize the distribution structure of bed numbers; Strengthen the development of human resources for health in underdeveloped areas.