As the core of the public health service system, basic public health service plays an important role in maintaining residents" health. Through the realistic dilemma of the equalization development of basic public health service under the new situation and based on the review of existing research on equalization development, this paper derives scientific issues related to equalization development with the theory of social equity as the analytical framework. In order to provide a new research perspective and theoretical support for improving the level of equalization of basic public health services in China.